tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8545198236716668938.post2532200943796866804..comments2023-11-03T15:35:31.651+05:30Comments on Flax Awareness Society: कब्जी या कब्जासुर (Constipation) - फाइबर का फंडा Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8545198236716668938.post-12074598931504050212013-04-02T13:30:21.468+05:302013-04-02T13:30:21.468+05:30Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-m...Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth (B. dentium) of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon flora in mammals. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics. Before the 1960s, Bifidobacterium species were collectively referred to as "Lactobacillus bifidus".<br /><br />Probiotics<br />Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered as important probiotics and used in the food industry. Different species and/or strains of bifidobacteria may exert a range of beneficial health effects, including the regulation of intestinal microbial homeostasis, the inhibition of pathogens and harmful bacteria that colonize and/or infect the gut mucosa, the modulation of local and systemic immune responses, the repression of procarcinogenic enzymatic activities within the microbiota, the production of vitamins, and the bioconversion of a number of dietary compounds into bioactive molecules. Bifidobacterium spp. are known to discourage the growth of Gram-negative pathogens in infants.<br /><br />Mother's milk contains high concentrations of lactose and lower quantities of phosphate (pH buffer). Therefore, when mother's milk is fermented by lactic acid bacteria (incl. bifidobacteria) in the infant's GI tract, the pH may be reduced, making it more difficult for Gram-negative bacteria to grow.<br /><br />Metabolism<br />The genus Bifidobacterium possesses a unique fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase pathway employed to ferment carbohydrates.<br />Much metabolic research on bifidobacteria has focused on oligosaccharide metabolism as these carbohydrates are available in their otherwise nutrient-limited habitats. Interestingly, infant-associated bifidobacterial phylotypes appear to have evolved the ability to ferment milk oligosaccharides, whereas adult-associated species utilize plant oligosaccharides, consistent with what they encounter in their respective environments. As breast-fed infants often harbor bifidobacteria dominated gut consortia, there have been numerous applications to mimic the bifidogenic properties of milk oligosaccharides. These are broadly classified as plant-derived fructo-oligosaccharides or dairy-derived galacto-oligosaccharides, which are differentially metabolized and distinct from milk oligosaccharide catabolism.<br /><br />Response to oxygen<br />The sensitivity of members of the genus Bifidobacterium to O2 generally limits probiotic activity to anaerobic habitats. Recent research has reported that some Bifidobacterium strains exhibit various types of oxic growth. Low concentrations of O2 and CO2 can have a stimulatory effect on the growth of these Bifidobacterium strains. Based on the growth profiles under different O2 concentrations, the Bifidobacterium species were classified into four classes: O2-hypersensitive, O2-sensitive, O2-tolerant, and microaerophilic. The primary factor responsible for aerobic growth inhibition is proposed to be the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the growth medium. A H2O2-forming NADH oxidase was purified from O2-sensitive Bifidobacterium bifidum and was identified as a b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The kinetic parameters suggested that the enzyme could be involved in H2O2 production in highly aerated environments.Shri Sitaram Rasoihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17079565046969260208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8545198236716668938.post-52993222067525238692013-04-02T13:29:33.413+05:302013-04-02T13:29:33.413+05:30Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-m...Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth (B. dentium) of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon flora in mammals. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics. Before the 1960s, Bifidobacterium species were collectively referred to as "Lactobacillus bifidus".<br /><br />Probiotics<br />Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered as important probiotics and used in the food industry. Different species and/or strains of bifidobacteria may exert a range of beneficial health effects, including the regulation of intestinal microbial homeostasis, the inhibition of pathogens and harmful bacteria that colonize and/or infect the gut mucosa, the modulation of local and systemic immune responses, the repression of procarcinogenic enzymatic activities within the microbiota, the production of vitamins, and the bioconversion of a number of dietary compounds into bioactive molecules. Bifidobacterium spp. are known to discourage the growth of Gram-negative pathogens in infants.<br /><br />Mother's milk contains high concentrations of lactose and lower quantities of phosphate (pH buffer). Therefore, when mother's milk is fermented by lactic acid bacteria (incl. bifidobacteria) in the infant's GI tract, the pH may be reduced, making it more difficult for Gram-negative bacteria to grow.<br /><br />Metabolism<br />The genus Bifidobacterium possesses a unique fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase pathway employed to ferment carbohydrates.<br />Much metabolic research on bifidobacteria has focused on oligosaccharide metabolism as these carbohydrates are available in their otherwise nutrient-limited habitats. Interestingly, infant-associated bifidobacterial phylotypes appear to have evolved the ability to ferment milk oligosaccharides, whereas adult-associated species utilize plant oligosaccharides, consistent with what they encounter in their respective environments. As breast-fed infants often harbor bifidobacteria dominated gut consortia, there have been numerous applications to mimic the bifidogenic properties of milk oligosaccharides. These are broadly classified as plant-derived fructo-oligosaccharides or dairy-derived galacto-oligosaccharides, which are differentially metabolized and distinct from milk oligosaccharide catabolism.<br /><br />Response to oxygen<br />The sensitivity of members of the genus Bifidobacterium to O2 generally limits probiotic activity to anaerobic habitats. Recent research has reported that some Bifidobacterium strains exhibit various types of oxic growth. Low concentrations of O2 and CO2 can have a stimulatory effect on the growth of these Bifidobacterium strains. Based on the growth profiles under different O2 concentrations, the Bifidobacterium species were classified into four classes: O2-hypersensitive, O2-sensitive, O2-tolerant, and microaerophilic. The primary factor responsible for aerobic growth inhibition is proposed to be the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the growth medium. A H2O2-forming NADH oxidase was purified from O2-sensitive Bifidobacterium bifidum and was identified as a b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The kinetic parameters suggested that the enzyme could be involved in H2O2 production in highly aerated environments.Shri Sitaram Rasoihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17079565046969260208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8545198236716668938.post-66802208835548460112013-03-17T16:48:34.494+05:302013-03-17T16:48:34.494+05:30Having constipation over a long time can lead to m...Having constipation over a long time can lead to many health problems including:<br /> Increased Cholesterol Levels<br /> Hemorrhoids<br /> Headaches<br /> Indigestion<br /> Varicose veins<br /> Bad breath<br /> Body odor<br /> Indigestion<br /> May cause increased risk for or be a result of Colon/ Colorectal/ Rectal cancer<br /> Diverticulosis -Where the colon forms pouches in the intestinal wall that catch fecal material and hold it while it hardens causing Diverticulitis -which is the swelling and inflammation of the pouches.<br />Shri Sitaram Rasoihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17079565046969260208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8545198236716668938.post-28379104448746534892013-03-17T15:32:51.476+05:302013-03-17T15:32:51.476+05:30Fiber ke Funda
Plants contain soluble or insolub...Fiber ke Funda <br /><br />Plants contain soluble or insoluble fiber in their different parts, such as their skin, pulp, seeds, stems, leaves or roots. Nutrients which we derive from plant products are digested with the aid of gastric acids and enzymes in the stomach and upper intestinal tract. The nutrients which are freed there are absorbed through the small intestine into the bloodstream and then distributed throughout the entire body. Part of the food, such as soluble and insoluble fiber is not digested or absorbed into the small intestine. Fiber continues on into the large intestine where insoluble fiber absorbs water and soluble fiber gets dissolved in water. Soluble fiber is fermented fully or partially by the colonic bacterial microflora. The degree and the speed of disintegration of the fiber depend on its type and on the type of bacterial flora in the large intestine.1<br /><br />Partially fermenting fiber:2<br />cellulose (vegetables, bran)<br />hemicellulose (wheat grain)<br />legunin (woody plants)<br />plant waxes<br />resistant starch (corn, potatoes, cereals, legumes, bananas)<br />Well fermenting fiber:2<br />beta-glucans (grain: oats, barley, rye)<br />pectins (fruit, vegetables, legumes, beet root, potatoes)<br />natural gum<br />inulin (chickory, Jerusalem artichokes, onions, wheat)<br />oligosaccharides (monosaccharides)<br />resistant maltodextrins3<br />Short-chain fatty acids<br />The process of fiber fermentation produces gases and short-chain fatty acids. Scientific research shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have considerable health benefits. The main human SCFA are: butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid. Butyric acid is the main nutrient for the intestinal lining, propionic acid is utilised by the liver and acetic acid is absorbed into peripheral circulation and is metabolised by the peripheral tissues.<br /><br />SCFA are involved in many physiological processes important for human health. Amongst other things they:4<br />stabilise blood glucose levels aiding the release of insulin from the pancreas, glucose uptake by the liver and the breaking down of glycogen in the liver.<br />stimulate the expression of glucose transporters genes in the intestinal lining, by regulating the glucose uptake.5<br />provide energy for colonocytes (this is especially true in relation to butyric acid).<br />limit the synthesising of cholesterol in the liver and decrease the level of concentration of LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood reducing the risk of artheriosclerosis.<br />decrease the pH of the colon which in turn prevents the formation of polyps of the lining, increases the absorption of minerals, minimises various rotting processes and the development of intestinal infections such as Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Listeria, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella.1<br />stimulate the production of limphocytes Th, antibodies, leukocytes, cytokines and lymphae, all of which are important for the immune system.<br />protect the colon lining against bacterial infections and irritations.<br />Shri Sitaram Rasoihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17079565046969260208noreply@blogger.com